The members of the brass family are wound lengths of metal tubing with a cupshaped mouthpiece at one end and a flared bell at the other. In all woodwinds, pitch is determined by varying the pressure of the breath in conjunction with opening and closing holes along the side of the instrument, either with the fingers or by keys and pads activated by the fingers. In the flute (and the piccolo) the player blows into the mouthpiece at a sharp angle, in the clarinet into a mouthpiece with a single reed, and in the oboe and bassoon (also the less common English horn) through two reeds bound together. Their very distinctive tone colors are due in part to the different ways in which the air in the body of The main orchestral woodwinds are flute, clarinet, oboe, and bassoon. For example, the modern flute, classified as a woodwind, is made of metal while ancestors of some modern brass instruments were made of wood the French horn is a brass instrument, but the English horn is a woodwind and the saxophone, a relatively new instrument associated principally with jazz and bands, is classified as a woodwind because its mouthpiece is similar to that of the clarinet, although its body is metal. The nomenclature of the orchestral winds can be both confusing and misleading. The winds are subdivided into woodwinds and brass. In wind instruments, the player blows through a mouthpiece that is attached to a conical or cylindrical tube filled with air. The harp is also a member of the orchestral string family. Sound is produced by drawing a horsehair bow across the strings, less often by plucking with the fingertips (called pizzicato). Quite homogeneous in tone color, although of different pitch ranges because of differences in the length and diameter of their strings. All are similar in structure and appearance and also The members of the string family of the Western orchestra are violin, viola, cello (or violoncello), and bass (or double bass). The most familiar designations for these groupings are strings (sound produced by vibrating strings), winds (by a vibrating column of air), and percussion (by an object shaken or struck). Instruments are commonly classified in families, according to their method of generating sounds.
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